సుప్రీంలో నలుగురు నూతన న్యాయమూర్తుల నియామకం - న్యాాయమూర్తులు

సర్వోన్నత న్యాయస్థానంలో నలుగురు జడ్జిలను నియమిస్తూ నిర్ణయం తీసుకుంది న్యాయశాఖ. సుప్రీం న్యాయమూర్తుల చట్టానికి తాజా సవరణ చేసిన అనంతరం... గత నెలలో కొలీజీయం చేసిన సిఫార్సుల మేరకు ఈ దిశగా అడుగులు వేసింది. ఈ మేరకు ప్రత్యేక నోటిఫికేషన్ ద్వారా న్యాయమూర్తులను నియమిస్తున్నట్లు ప్రకటించింది. సుప్రీం చరిత్రలో 34 మంది న్యాయమూర్తులతో నూతన రికార్డు నమోదయ్యింది.

సుప్రీంలో నలుగురు నూతన న్యాయమూర్తుల నియామకం

Published : Sep 18, 2019, 11:39 PM IST

Updated : Oct 1, 2019, 3:41 AM IST

సుప్రీంకోర్టులో నలుగురు నూతన న్యాయమూర్తులు నియమితులయ్యారు. గత నెలలో కొలీజీయం చేసిన సిఫార్సుల మేరకు న్యాయమూర్తులు కృష్ణ మురారీ, ఎస్ఆర్ భట్, వి. రామసుబ్రమణియన్, హృషికేశ్ రాయ్లను సుప్రీం జడ్జిలుగా నియమిస్తూ న్యాయశాఖ బుధవారం ప్రత్యేక నోటిఫికేషన్ విడుదల చేసింది.

న్యాయమూర్తుల సంఖ్యను 31 నుంచి 34కు పెంచుతూ ఇటీవలే సవరణ చట్టం రూపొందించిన అనంతరం.. ఖాళీలను భర్తీ చేయడం ఇదే తొలిసారి. ఈ నియామకం ద్వారా 34మంది న్యాయమూర్తులతో సుప్రీం చరిత్రలో నూతన రికార్డు నమోదయ్యింది.

పెద్దసంఖ్యలో పేరుకుపోయిన కేసుల నేపథ్యంలో సీజేఐను మినహాయించి 30గా ఉన్న న్యాయమూర్తుల సంఖ్యను 34 కు పెంచుతూ కేంద్రం ఇటీవల చట్టం చేసింది.
1956 నాటి సుప్రీం న్యాయమూర్తుల చట్టంలో ఉన్న జడ్జిల సంఖ్య సీజేఐను మినహాయించి కేవలం 10 మాత్రమే. అనంతరం 1960 లో 13, 1977లో 17కు ఈ సంఖ్యను పెంచారు. 1979లో ప్రధాన న్యాయమూర్తిని మినహాయించి 15మందికి కుదించారు.

మళ్లీ 1986లో జడ్జిల సంఖ్యను 25కు.. 2009లో జరిగిన చట్ట సవరణలో 30కి పెంచుతూ నిర్ణయం తీసుకున్నారు.

ఇదీ చూడండి: 'మోదీతో సమావేశం భేష్-బంగాల్ పేరుమార్పుపై చర్చ'

UK FLYING FISH ROBOT
SOURCE: ASSOCIATED PRESS / IMPERIAL COLLEGE LONDON AERIAL ROBOTICS LABORATORY
RESTRICTIONS: AP Clients Only
LENGTH: 5.08
SHOTLIST:
VNR: IMPERIAL COLLEGE LONDON AERIAL ROBOTICS LABORATORY
London, UK - date not available
1. Shows 'flying fish robot' taking off from a pond in slow motion captured with high speed camera
2. Shows wide of robot taking off from pond further slowed down
ASSOCIATED PRESS - AP Clients Only
London, UK - 17 September 2019
3. Various of PHD researcher Raphael Zufferey checking robot in bath of water in Aerial Robotics Laboratory
4. Close tilt up of the mechanism on the robot out of water
5. Close of robot
6. SOUNDBITE: (English) Raphael Zufferey, Phd researcher, Aerial Robotics Laboratory, Imperial College London (part upsound showing robot)
"So this robot operates on a very simple principle of flying into the water and at this point it passively moves to an angle where it fills up with water, at this point of time we turn on our peristaltic micro pump which drops a droplet of water onto the calcium carbide CAC tube which immediately reacts with the water. That generates acetylene gas which is accumulated in the top half of the chamber blocked by the water at the bottom.This acetylene gas travels up the pipes and is fed into the combustion chamber in the air region, where it mixes with the air."
VNR: IMPERIAL COLLEGE LONDON AERIAL ROBOTICS LABORATORY
London, UK - date not available
7. Extract from promotional video showing the reaction of calcium carbide being put into flask and ignited
8. Extract showing combustion chamber of the robot mechanism close up when wirelessly ignited
ASSOCIATED PRESS - AP Clients Only
London, UK - 17 September 2019
9. Various set up of Dr. Mirko Kovac robotics director looking at video on screen in laboratory
VNR: IMPERIAL COLLEGE LONDON AERIAL ROBOTICS LABORATORY
London, UK - date not available
10. Extract from promotional video showing animation of how robot is catapulted from the water
ASSOCIATED PRESS - AP Clients Only
London, UK - 17 September 2019
11. SOUNDBITE (English) Dr. Mirko Kovac, Director of the Aerial Robotics Laboratory, Imperial College London
"Currently the approach is that flying vehicles can fly to a location, they can land, but typically they cannot move in water, they can land on water, or they cannot move underwater. At the same time underwater vehicles cannot fly and this really leaves a gap in the ecosystem of robotics for vehicles that can transition between air and water and like this take water samples in areas that are inaccessible from only the water route."
VNR: IMPERIAL COLLEGE LONDON AERIAL ROBOTICS LABORATORY
London, UK - date not available
12. Close of robot taking off from bath in the laboratory
13. Wide of robot gliding through air in laboratory
14. Various showing how fin on robot makes it more wave tolerant
ASSOCIATED PRESS - AP Clients Only
London, UK - 17 September 2019
15. SOUNDBITE (English) Dr. Mirko Kovac, Director of the Aerial Robotics Laboratory, Imperial College London
"If the surface is very calm then this can be done with the propeller, but if it's wavy, or if it's choppy or if there are obstacles around then the propulsion system needs to be very high power. Now to study that we looked at various methods including compressed gas, or mechanical means but also in this case as you present here today we're using water reactive chemicals. The idea is that we take water from the environment, we react it with the powder that is onboard of the vehicle and this creates a combustible gas that can be ignited and it release(s) a water jet from the vehicle to transition back into the flight. Like this we have a very high power actuator that can allow these vehicles to transition between water and air."
VNR: IMPERIAL COLLEGE LONDON AERIAL ROBOTICS LABORATORY
London, UK - date not available
16. Various of robot flying through laboratory
ASSOCIATED PRESS - AP Clients Only
London, UK - 17 September 2019
17. SOUNDBITE (English) Dr. Mirko Kovac, Director of the Aerial Robotics Laboratory, Imperial College London
"Oil and gas platforms have risers, they tend to corrode, they're difficult to inspect because of the waves around them. Divers are in danger there, they do upseiling and underwater vehicles have a hard time to access this type of splash zones.
ASSOCIATED PRESS - AP Clients Only
Orihuela, Spain - 13 September 2019
18. Various of severe flooding on outskirts of Orihuela in Spain
19. Man wading through floods
ASSOCIATED PRESS - AP Clients Only
London, UK - 17 September 2019
20. SOUNDBITE (English) Dr. Mirko Kovac, Director of the Aerial Robotics Laboratory, Imperial College London
"In floods often there is a case that there are obstacles in the water, or it's difficult to access different areas. And it's difficult to know which areas are in the highest danger. For example bacterial contamination or chemical contamination is very critical, very important to know of and like this to be able to rescue people more quickly in danger zones."
VNR: IMPERIAL COLLEGE LONDON AERIAL ROBOTICS LABORATORY
London, UK - date not available
21. Slowed down high speed video showing robot taking off from a bath in the laboratory
LEADIN:
Robots are fast becoming the solution sought by engineers and workers who operate in dangerous or inhospitable environments, but getting one that flies and can operate in underwater is tricky.
Now scientists are using the inspiration of a flying fish to create a robot which can do both.
STORYLINE:
It's not a bird and it's definitely not a plane, but scientists are hoping this little robot will eventually be able to operate on land and water.
The researchers who built it hope in the future it will be able to go where birds, planes and human beings can't.
It's powered by a chemical reaction from a fuel which is the size of a grain of rice and can travel 26 metres through the air after take-off.
The flying fish robot is one of a number of prototypes that are being built at the Aerial Robotics Laboratory at Imperial College London.
Researcher Raphael Zufferey describes how it works:
"So this robot operates on a very simple principle of flying into the water and at this point it passively moves to an angle where it fills up with water, at this point of time we turn on our peristaltic micro pump which drops a droplet of water onto the calcium carbide CAC tube which immediately reacts with the water. That generates acetylene gas which is accumulated in the top half of the chamber blocked by the water at the bottom.This acetylene gas travels up the pipes and is fed into the combustion chamber in the air region, where it mixes with the air," says Zufferey.
According to the Dr. Mirco Kovac the Director of Robotics here, the robot needs a lot of power to thrust itself out of the water.
This is especially difficult for smaller robots, but they hope their latest invention will overcome this.
In terms of fuel it requires just 0.2 grams of calcium carbide powder in a combustion chamber and the only moving part is a small pump that draws in water from the robot's environment.
"Currently the approach is that flying vehicles can fly to a location, they can land, but typically they cannot move in water, they can land on water, or they cannot move underwater. At the same time underwater vehicles cannot fly and this really leaves a gap in the ecosystem of robotics for vehicles that can transition between air and water and like this take water samples in areas that are inaccessible from only the water route," says Kovac.
There are other obstacles too. The robot needs to be lightweight and robust, the ignition needs to be safe and secure if it's to stay intact in the water.
The team tested the robot in a lab, in a lake, and in a wave tank.
"If the surface is very calm then this can be done with the propeller, but if it's wavy, or if it's choppy or if there are obstacles around then the propulsion system needs to be very high power. Now to study that we looked at various methods including compressed gas, or mechanical means but also in this case as you present here today we're using water reactive chemicals. The idea is that we take water from the environment, we react it with the powder that is onboard of the vehicle and this creates a combustible gas that can be ignited and it release(s) a water jet from the vehicle to transition back into the flight. Like this we have a very high power actuator that can allow these vehicles to transition between water and air," says Kovac.
The aim is for the robot to be able to collect water, or similar samples in hazardous situations. Kovac says oil and gas platforms are a case in point: "Oil and gas platforms have risers, they tend to corrode, they're difficult to inspect because of the waves around them. Divers are in danger there, they do upseiling and underwater vehicles have a hard time to access this type of splash zones."
According to the team at Imperial the robot, or a more sophisticated version of it can be used in areas of flooding like here in Orihuela, Spain earlier this month (September 2019).
The storm that slammed into the Mediterranean coastal regions of Valencia, Murcia and eastern Andalusia left more than 3,500 people in need of emergency rescues.
Kovac explains: "In floods often there is a case that there are obstacles in the water, or it's difficult to access different areas. And it's difficult to know which areas are in the highest danger. For example bacterial contamination or chemical contamination is very critical, very important to know of and like this to be able to rescue people more quickly in danger zones."
Details of the robot have been published in Science Robotics.
The robot is a long way from being deployed, it has not yet been designed to carry a camera, sensors or samples.
Kovac says Imperial's team is now working with the Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa) to build new vehicles using advanced materials before beginning new field trials.
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Last Updated : Oct 1, 2019, 3:41 AM IST

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