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ప్రశాంతంగా కశ్మీర్
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Published : Mar 3, 2019, 4:36 PM IST
కశ్మీర్ సరిహద్దులో పరిస్థితులు మళ్లీ సాధారణానికి వస్తున్నాయి. ప్రజారవాణా, వ్యాపార కార్యకలాపాలు తిరిగి ప్రారంభమయ్యాయి.
ప్రశాంతంగా కశ్మీర్
పాకిస్థాన్ దాడులతో కశ్మీర్లో ఏర్పడ్డ ఉద్రిక్తతలు క్రమంగా సద్దుమణుగుతున్నాయి. మార్కెట్లు, దుకాణాలు తెరుచుకుంటున్నాయి. ప్రజారవాణా ప్రారంభమవుతోంది.
1-2 రోజుల నుంచి పరిస్థితులు బాగున్నాయి. మూసివేసిన మార్కెట్లు తిరిగి తెరుచుకుంటున్నాయి. కాల్పుల వల్ల కొన్ని రోజుల క్రితం విద్యార్థుల పరీక్షలు వాయిదా పడ్డాయి. కొన్ని రోజుల్లో వాటిని కూడా నిర్వహిస్తారు. 1-2 రోజుల్లో మార్కెట్లన్నీ తెరుచుకుంటాయి. పరిస్థితులు సాధారణానికి వస్తాయి. - మహమ్మదిన్ ఇంప్యాజ్, మాంజాకోట్ వాసి
ఆగిన దాడులు...
శనివారం రాత్రి నుంచి జమ్ముకశ్మీర్లోని ఫూంచ్, రాజౌరీ జిల్లాల్లో పాక్ కాల్పుల విరమణ ఒప్పంద ఉల్లంఘన ఘటనలు నమోదవలేదని రక్షణ అధికారులు తెలిపారు. ఎలాంటి పరిస్థితినైనా ఎదుర్కొవటానికి సైన్యం సిద్ధంగా ఉందని స్పష్టంచేశారు.
నౌషెరా సెక్టార్లో శనివారం రాత్రి చివరిసారిగా కాల్పులు జరిపింది పాక్. మిగిలిన అన్ని సెక్టార్లలో శుక్రవారం రాత్రి నుంచి ఎలాంటి దాడులు జరగలేదు.
ఉల్లంఘనల తీరిది...
పుల్వామా దాడికి కారణమైన జైషే మహ్మద్కు చెందిన బాలకోట్ స్థావరాలపై భారత వాయుసేన గురువారం దాడి చేసింది. ఆ నాటి నుంచి నియంత్రణ రేఖ వెంబడి ఉన్న గ్రామాలపై పాక్ కాల్పులకు దిగింది.
కేవలం రాజౌరీ, ఫూంచ్ జిల్లాల్లోనే 50 సార్లు కాల్పుల విరమణ ఒప్పందాన్ని ఉల్లంఘించింది పాక్ సైన్యం. మొత్తం నలుగురు పౌరులు మరణించారు. ఇందులో ముగ్గురు ఒకే కుటుంబానికి చెందిన వారు. మరికొందరికి గాయాలయ్యాయి.
పాకిస్థాన్ దాడులతో కశ్మీర్లో ఏర్పడ్డ ఉద్రిక్తతలు క్రమంగా సద్దుమణుగుతున్నాయి. మార్కెట్లు, దుకాణాలు తెరుచుకుంటున్నాయి. ప్రజారవాణా ప్రారంభమవుతోంది.
1-2 రోజుల నుంచి పరిస్థితులు బాగున్నాయి. మూసివేసిన మార్కెట్లు తిరిగి తెరుచుకుంటున్నాయి. కాల్పుల వల్ల కొన్ని రోజుల క్రితం విద్యార్థుల పరీక్షలు వాయిదా పడ్డాయి. కొన్ని రోజుల్లో వాటిని కూడా నిర్వహిస్తారు. 1-2 రోజుల్లో మార్కెట్లన్నీ తెరుచుకుంటాయి. పరిస్థితులు సాధారణానికి వస్తాయి. - మహమ్మదిన్ ఇంప్యాజ్, మాంజాకోట్ వాసి
ఆగిన దాడులు...
శనివారం రాత్రి నుంచి జమ్ముకశ్మీర్లోని ఫూంచ్, రాజౌరీ జిల్లాల్లో పాక్ కాల్పుల విరమణ ఒప్పంద ఉల్లంఘన ఘటనలు నమోదవలేదని రక్షణ అధికారులు తెలిపారు. ఎలాంటి పరిస్థితినైనా ఎదుర్కొవటానికి సైన్యం సిద్ధంగా ఉందని స్పష్టంచేశారు.
నౌషెరా సెక్టార్లో శనివారం రాత్రి చివరిసారిగా కాల్పులు జరిపింది పాక్. మిగిలిన అన్ని సెక్టార్లలో శుక్రవారం రాత్రి నుంచి ఎలాంటి దాడులు జరగలేదు.
ఉల్లంఘనల తీరిది...
పుల్వామా దాడికి కారణమైన జైషే మహ్మద్కు చెందిన బాలకోట్ స్థావరాలపై భారత వాయుసేన గురువారం దాడి చేసింది. ఆ నాటి నుంచి నియంత్రణ రేఖ వెంబడి ఉన్న గ్రామాలపై పాక్ కాల్పులకు దిగింది.
కేవలం రాజౌరీ, ఫూంచ్ జిల్లాల్లోనే 50 సార్లు కాల్పుల విరమణ ఒప్పందాన్ని ఉల్లంఘించింది పాక్ సైన్యం. మొత్తం నలుగురు పౌరులు మరణించారు. ఇందులో ముగ్గురు ఒకే కుటుంబానికి చెందిన వారు. మరికొందరికి గాయాలయ్యాయి.
SEYCHELLES OCEAN MISSION CORAL NURSERY
SOURCE: ASSOCIATED PRESS
RESTRICTIONS: AP Clients Only
LENGTH: 7:58
SHOTLIST:
ASSOCIATED PRESS
Cerf Island, Seychelles - 20 February 2019
1. Various underwater shots of coral reef off coast of Cerf Island
2. Wide of beach
3. Close of crab crawling on sand
4. Pan right of Leo Barret, Project Leader, Marine Conservation Society Seychelles (MCSS), entering water
5. Close of Barret in water
6. SOUNDBITE (English) Leo Barret, Project Leader, Marine Conservation Society Seychelles (MCSS):
"We lost up to 50 percent of all corals, now three years ago in 2016. This is mainly the branching corals, so we're talking about acropora, for example, and yeah, we lost up to 50 percent of these corals."
7. Underwater shot of Barret cleaning coral nursery
8. Underwater shot of coral nursery
9. Underwater shot of Barret cleaning coral nursery
10. Underwater shot of Barret cleaning coral nursery, Barret goes up to surface
11. SOUNDBITE (English) Leo Barret, Project Leader, Marine Conservation Society Seychelles (MCSS):
"We try to restore the reef by using these nurseries, the nurseries help for the survival and the group of the corals. So, we took what we call the coral of opportunities, this is coral already broken by onshore or by snorkelers and we let them grow from one year, one year and a half, until they reach a good size, up to 15 to 20 centimetres, then we transplant them on the sea floor."
12. Various underwater shots of coral reef off coast of Cerf Island
13. Underwater shot of ray fish swimming away
14. Wide of beach
15. Various of Barret speaking to Aurelie Duhec, Project Leader, Marine Conservation Society Seychelles (MCSS), on beach
16. SOUNDBITE (English) Aurelie Duhec, Project Leader, Marine Conservation Society Seychelles (MCSS):
"The tourists here, they're attracted, okay by the beautiful landscape, but also by what is beneath, on the water. They want to meet with turtles, they want to see colourful fish. So, if we have just dead corals, we don't have all this."
ASSOCIATED PRESS
Mahe, Seychelles - 19 February 2019
17. Tilt down of Beau Vallon beach
18. Pan right of sun shining through trees
19. Pan left of Marine Conservation Society Seychelles (MCSS) on-land coral nursery
20. Wide of students measuring assessing coral
21. Close of coral in nursery
22. Various of student measuring coral growth
23. Various of on-land coral nursery
24. Close of student measuring coral colour
25. Setup shot of David Rowat, Chairman and Director, Marine Conservation Society Seychelles (MCSS), holding coral
26. Close of Rowat holding coral
27. SOUNDBITE (English) David Rowat, Chairman and Director, Marine Conservation Society Seychelles (MCSS):
"We can control the temperature in here, so that even if everything dies out there, we've still got some remnants here that we can then grow up and put back out on the reef. So, if you like it's a last-ditch safety stop. However, the way that we try and do things is that the corals that we have in here are survivors, they have survived this previous bleaching attempt."
28. Various of on-land coral nursery
29. SOUNDBITE (English) David Rowat, Chairman and Director, Marine Conservation Society Seychelles (MCSS):
"It's one of the most diverse habitats imaginable. Imagine a rainforest on steroids and that's what you have on a coral reef, it's just that people don't see it. People see the rainforest and they can see all of these different layers of complexity, with the different plants and the different animals inhabiting those niches. Exactly the same is true on the coral reef but multiplied so many different times because you have so many micro environments there. So, it's an enormous treasure trove of biodiversity."
ASSOCIATED PRESS
Cerf Island, Seychelles - 20 February 2019
30. Underwater shot of coral reef off coast of Cerf Island
31. Various underwater shots of Barret inspecting coral nursery
32. Underwater shot of coral nursery
33. Underwater shot of Barret inspecting coral nursery
34. Underwater shot of coral nursery
35. Pan left of Barret and Duhec walking back onto land
36. Close of waves on beach
37. SOUNDBITE (English) Leo Barret, Project Leader, Marine Conservation Society Seychelles (MCSS):
"The things is, what do you want your grandchildren to see? Do you want them to see a sea full of plastic pollution, full of bottles, or you want to be able to show the future generation coral reef, the fish biodiversity, this is something specific from the ocean, specific on the earth, so I think we need to preserve that."
38. Underwater shot of coral reef off coast of Cerf Island
ASSOCIATED PRESS
Paris, France - 8 February 2019
39. Setup shot of Fanny Douvere, Coordinator Marine Programme, World Heritage Centre UNESCO, speaking
40. SOUNDBITE (English) Fanny Douvere, Coordinator Marine Programme, World Heritage Centre UNESCO:
"If we're going for a business as usual scenario, where we continue to increase our climate emissions, then we are standing to lose the majority of those coral reef systems by 2100, that's at the end of this century, that's about 80 years from now. It is quite substantial and quite important when you look at that."
ASSOCIATED PRESS
Mahe, Seychelles - 20 February 2019
41. Wide of sunset on beach
42. Close of waves on beach
43. Wide of island at sunset
44. Wide of sunset, boats in water
LEADIN:
Coral nurseries could be the answer to bleaching episodes caused by climate change, which are threatening complex underwater reefs around the world.
In the Seychelles, marine biologists are rearing corals in specially-controlled nurseries, hoping they'll act as a "last-ditch safety stop" should ocean temperatures continue to rise.
STORYLINE:
Beneath the crystal-clear waters of the Indian Ocean around the Seychelles, coral reefs shelter a range of creatures, from tiny invertebrates to sprawling octopuses.
The fragile reefs act as both a protective barrier for coastlines and an attraction for tourists, who keep the country's economy going.
But the reefs are also one of the first victims of rising ocean temperatures.
In 1998, the Seychelles, in some areas, lost up to 90 percent of its coral reefs in an environmental event known as bleaching.
That's where coral in warming waters expel the colorful algae that live within their skeletons and, without their nutrients, starve.
Three years ago, rising ocean temperatures, thought to have been caused by the El Nino climate feature, destroyed around half the corals off Cerf Island, says marine biologist Leo Barret.
"We lost up to 50 percent of all corals, now three years ago in 2016," he says.
"This is mainly the branching corals, so we're talking about acropora, for example, and yeah, we lost up to 50 percent of these corals."
Conservationists have launched a number of reef restoration projects around the nation's 115 islands.
Barret and his colleagues from the Marine Conservation Society Seychelles (MCSS) have established several coral nurseries with the aim of rearing stronger corals.
Taking broken fragments, found around the reef, they rear them for a year, before transporting them to these artificial structures.
They have two large-scale nurseries off the coast of Cerf Island, each numbering around 2,500 corals.
"We try to restore the reef by using these nurseries, the nurseries help for the survival and the group of the corals," explains Barret.
The project is supported by several hotels on Cerf Island, a small holidaymaker island about four kilometres northeast of Mahe.
"The tourists here, they're attracted, okay by the beautiful landscape, but also by what is beneath, on the water," says Aurelie Duhec, a MCSS project leader.
"They want to meet with turtles, they want to see colourful fish. So, if we have just dead corals, we don't have all this."
According to a study published in the journal Science in February 2018, with further threats, including overfishing and pollution, coral reefs around the world will reach a tipping point before the end of the century, disappearing more quickly than they can restore themselves.
That's a threat even Cerf Island's coral nurseries can't escape.
So, on the island of Mahe, MCSS established this on-land coral nursery, the first of its kind on the Seychelles when it opened in September 2017.
Each tank is capable of holding some 100 coral fragments.
"We can control the temperature in here, so that even if everything dies out there, we've still got some remnants here that we can then grow up and put back out in the reef. So, if you like it's a last-ditch safety stop," explains David Rowat, the chairman and director of MCSS.
"However, the way that we try and do things is that the corals that we have in here are survivors, they have survived this previous bleaching attempt."
By rearing corals that survived the last bleaching episode, marine biologists hope to cultivate so-called "super corals", which may be more resilient to rising ocean temperatures.
"It's one of the most diverse habitats imaginable," says Rowat.
"Imagine a rainforest on steroids and that's what you have on a coral reef, it's just that people don't see it. People see the rainforest and they can see all of these different layers of complexity, with the different plants and the different animals inhabiting those niches. Exactly the same is true on the coral reef but multiplied so many different times."
There's broad scientific consensus that the effects of climate change have devastated the world's reefs, ravaging large swaths of the Great Barrier Reef in Australia, one of the natural wonders of the world.
Experts estimate that half of the corals that existed in the early 20th century have died.
Despite the negative outlook, Barret says he'll continue to protect Cerf Island's coral nurseries, hoping the human race might curb its climate emissions in the meantime.
"The thing is, what do you want your grandchildren to see?" he says.
"Do you want them to see a sea full of plastic pollution, full of bottles, or you want to be able to show the future generation coral reef, the fish biodiversity, this is something specific from the ocean, specific on the earth, so I think we need to preserve that."
Fanny Douvere, the coordinator of UNESCO's marine programme, says studies suggest all 29 coral reef systems inscribed on UNESCO's World Heritage List could be lost by 2100.
"If we're going for a business as usual scenario, where we continue to increase our climate emissions, then we are standing to lose the majority of those coral reef systems by 2100, that's at the end of this century, that's about 80 years from now," she says.
"It is quite substantial and quite important when you look at that."
This month the ambitious Nekton "First Descent" Indian Ocean mission will start surveying underwater life, plus map the sea floor and drop sensors to depths of up to 2,000 meters in the seas around the Seychelles. Coral reefs will form part of their research.
The mission will conclude with the State of the Indian Ocean Summit in 2022.
EDITOR'S NOTES
The Associated Press is the only news agency working with British scientists from the Nekton research team, on its deep-sea mission that aims to unlock the secrets of the Indian Ocean. AP video coverage will include exploring the depths of up to 300 meters (1,000 feet) off the coast of the Seychelles in two-person submarines, the search for submerged mountain ranges and previously undiscovered marine life, a behind-the-scenes look at life on board, interviews with researchers and aerial footage of the mission. The seven-week expedition is expected to run until April 19.
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