विश्व ब्रेल दिवसः नेत्रहीन को पढ़ने-लिखने की दी लिपि, जानें क्या है ब्रेल लिपि

Published : Jan 3, 2020, 11:56 PM IST

ब्रेल लिपि के आविष्कार लुईस ब्रेल का 4 जनवरी को जन्मदिन है. यह दिन विश्व ब्रेल दिवस के रूप में मनाया जाता है. आंखें चली जाने के बाद महज 15 वर्ष की आयु में लुईस ब्रेल ने ब्रेल लिपि का आविष्कार किया था.

ब्रेल लिपि के आविष्कार लुईस ब्रेल.

लखनऊ: 4 जनवरी को ब्रेल लिपि के आविष्कार लुईस ब्रेल के जन्मदिन के मौके पर विश्व ब्रेल दिवस मनाया जाता है. लुईस ब्रेल का जन्म 1809 में फ्रांस में हुआ था. बचपन में एक हादसे के दौरान लुईस ब्रेल की आंखें चली गई थीं. आंखों की रोशनी चली जाने के बाद भी लुइस ने हिम्मत नहीं हारी और महज 15 वर्ष की उम्र में ब्रेल लिपि का आविष्कार किया. इस लिपि की मदद से नेत्रहीन लोग कागज पर अक्षरों को उभारकर पढ़ सकते हैं.

लुईस ब्रेल को संगीत में काफी दिलचस्‍पी थी और वह कई तरह के यंत्र बजा लेते थे. लुईस की मृत्यु 43 साल की कम उम्र में टीबी की बीमारी से हुई थी.

भारत सरकार द्वारा सम्मान

4 जनवरी 2009 को लुई ब्रेल के जन्मदिन के अवसर पर भारत सरकार ने उनके सम्मान में डाक टिकट जारी किया था. बता दें कि अब तक कई देशों ने लुई ब्रेल को सम्मानित कर चुके हैं.

आखिर क्या है ब्रेल लिपि ?

यह लिपि कागज पर अक्षरों को उभारकर बनाई जाती है.
इसमें 12 बिंदुओं को 6-6 अक्षरों की दो पंक्तियों में रखा जाता है.
इसमें विराम चिह्न, संख्‍या, गणितीय चिह्न आदि नहीं होते है.
ब्रेल लिपि के तहत बिंदुओं को जोड़कर अक्षर, अंक और शब्‍द बनाए जाते हैं.
इस लिपि की मदद से नेत्रहीन व्यक्ति कागज पर अक्षरों को उभारकर पढ़ सकता है.
इस पद्धति का आविष्कार 1884 में एक नेत्रहीन फ्रांसीसी लेखक लुई ब्रेल ने किया था.
यह लिपि दुनिया के लगभग सभी देशों में उपयोग में लाई जाती है.

इसे भी पढ़ें- लखनऊ: एलडीए की सील तोड़कर दबंग बिल्डर ने शुरू कराया निर्माण, मुकदमा दर्ज

भारत सरकार द्वारा सम्मान

आखिर क्या है ब्रेल लिपि ?

यह लिपि कागज पर अक्षरों को उभारकर बनाई जाती है.
इसमें 12 बिंदुओं को 6-6 अक्षरों की दो पंक्तियों में रखा जाता है.
इसमें विराम चिह्न, संख्‍या, गणितीय चिह्न आदि नहीं होते है.
ब्रेल लिपि के तहत बिंदुओं को जोड़कर अक्षर, अंक और शब्‍द बनाए जाते हैं.
इस लिपि की मदद से नेत्रहीन व्यक्ति कागज पर अक्षरों को उभारकर पढ़ सकता है.
इस पद्धति का आविष्कार 1884 में एक नेत्रहीन फ्रांसीसी लेखक लुई ब्रेल ने किया था.
यह लिपि दुनिया के लगभग सभी देशों में उपयोग में लाई जाती है.

Intro:Body:

World Braille Day

EBCR

Braille literacy is also an important factor in equal opportunities for people with blindness.

World Braille Day is celebrated every year on January 4th because it is Louis Braille’s birthday, the inventor of braille. He was born in 1809 in France. He became blind after a childhood accident, and he quickly mastered his new way of living. When he was just 15 years old, he created the system we know today as braille, based on a system of writing developed by Charles Barbier. World Braille Day is a reminder of the importance of accessibility and independence for those who are blind or visually-impaired. The reality is that many everyday establishments — restaurants, banks, hospitals — aren’t equipped with braille menus, statements or bills. That means people with blindness or a vision impairment aren’t given the freedom to choose their own dinner … or to keep their finances private. World Braille Day spreads awareness about braille and other accessible forms of communication. Everyone deserves (and is legally entitled to) the same accommodations and service, regardless of ability. On World Braille Day, let’s remember that and do our part to make our workplaces more accessible for everyone.

What is Braille

Braille is a tactile representation of alphabetic and numerical symbols using six dots to represent each letter and number, and even musical, mathematical and scientific symbols. Braille (named after its inventor in 19th century France, Louis Braille) is used by blind and partially sighted people to read the same books and periodicals as those printed in a visual font. Braille is essential in the context of education, freedom of expression and opinion, as well as social inclusion, as reflected in article 2 of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities.

Braille- India statistics • India's Braille literacy ranks among the lowest in the world. • One out of every three blind people in the world lives in India – an estimated 15 million blind people live in India. • Every year, 3 million people develop cataracts in their eyes. • There are 2 million blind children in India. Only 5% of them receive any education. • 6.86% of schools have access to braille books and audio content. • 29.16% of the blind in India are part of the education system

Landmarks in history of education for visually-impaired 1. In 1923, it was decided that Braille press would be established to produce books in

Braille. 2. In 1941, a Committee was set up to develop an uniform Braille code for Indian languages 3. In 1944, a cell was set up in Ministry of Education to promote education, training and rehabilitation of the blind. 4. Development and acceptance of“Bharthi Braille”, a common Braille code for Indian languages finalized in November 1950, replacing the earlier codes in the light of certain recommendations made by UNESCO 5. Setting up of the first Braille press at Dehradun in 1951.

Common Braille Code There was almost complete absence of a common Braille Code for Indian languages. About 10 different Codes were being used by schools in different parts of the country. There was no Braille printing facility, nor a unit for the production of basic assistive devices. In November 1950, Bharati Braille came to be accepted as the National Code. Thereafter, the Central Braille Press and the Workshop for the Manufacture of Braille Appliances – the first ever such unit in the country came to be established in Dehradun. The number of Braille printing presses has been going up steadily in the country. Many of these printing houses are now producing books in Braille with the help of very high-speed computerized Braille embossers. Equipments like Perkins Braille Writers are also available in the country at substantially reduced costs.

Government initiatives taken to ensure education for Visually-impaired 1. Vocational Training Programs 2. National Institute for the Visually Handicapped 3. Common Braille Code 4. Inclusive Education of Children with Special Needs 5. Vocational Training and Employment Opportunities

Bringing Braille to mainstream 1. In the 2019 Lok Sabha polls, visually-impaired and blind voters got braille voter slips. It was a part of strategy framework for 'accessible elections', the commission has told all chief electoral officers to issue accessible photo voter slips with braille to voters who are visually-impaired or blind. 2. Electronic voter machines in India already have Braille feature. 3. Kolkata-based National Atlas and Thematic Mapping Organisation indigenously developed Braille maps

Needs and Problems 1. The very high cost of Braille display comes in the way of its use in developing countries. 2. There is an urgent need to incorporate Braille in education system at a lower cost to

normalize it for the students. 3. Public awareness about Braille is necessary to make it a part of public space, where along with various languages, the information could be relied to the visually-impaired. 4. Braille press and publications for increased production to meet the needs and demands in educational and professional institutes and organisations. 5. Promotion of braille literature. 6. Easy availability of Braille writers, and Braille writing equipments 7. Usage of Itechnology with Braille features

SOURCES https://www.awarenessdays.com/awareness-days-calendar/world-braille-day-2020/ https://www.thebetterindia.com/80930/meet-tactabet-innovative-book-help-children-learnbraille/ https://www.tecnoaccesible.net/en/content/world-braille-day-2020 https://www.un.org/en/observances/braille-day http://www.rehabcouncil.nic.in/writereaddata/vi.pdf https://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/lifestyle/geography-on-fingertips-57285 https://www.classycyborgs.org/braille-literacy-statistics-india/ https://yourstory.com/socialstory/2019/05/sightsavers-eye-health-education-livelihood-blindindia https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/visually-impaired-blind-votersto-get-braille-voter-slips-in-lok-sabha-polls/articleshow/67818723.cms?from=mdr Eighth All India School Education Survey www.ncert.nic.in/programmes/education_survey/pdfs/8ConciseReport.pdf