Hyderabad: Founder of Psychoanalysis, Sigmund Freud died of a lethal dose of morphine administered at his request by his friend and physician Max Schur. Freud had been suffering agonizing pain caused by an inoperable cancerous tumor in his eye socket and cheek. Cancer had begun as a lesion in his mouth that he discovered in 1923.
Most Famous Book of Sigmund Freud are:-
- 1895: Studies on Hysteria
- 1900: The Interpretation of Dreams
- 1901: The Psychopathology of Everyday Life
- 1905: Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality
- 1905: Jokes and Their Relation to the Unconscious
- 1913: Totem and Taboo
- 1914: On Narcissism
- 1917: Introduction to Psychoanalysis
Sigmund Freud is known for his creation in the field of psychoanalysis. His erotic view on development (psychosexual development) and human unconsciousness is very unique.
Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory of personality argues that human behavior is the result of the interactions among three component parts of the mind:
- the id
- ego
- superego.
After graduating in 1873 from secondary school in Vienna, Sigmund Freud entered the medical school of the University of Vienna, concentrating on physiology and neurology. He obtained a medical degree in 1881. From 1882–85, he trained as a clinical assistant at the General Hospital in Vienna and studied (1885–86) in Paris under neurologist Jean-Martin Charcot.
Life Story of Sigmund Freud Freud’s father, Jakob, was a Jewish wool merchant who had been married once before he wed the boy’s mother, Amalie Nathansohn. The father, 40 years old at Freud’s birth, seems to have been a relatively remote and authoritarian figure, while his mother appears to have been more nurturant and emotionally available.
Although Freud had two older half-brothers, his strongest if also most ambivalent attachment seems to have been to a nephew, John, one year his senior, who provided the model of an intimate friend and hated rival that Freud reproduced often at later stages of his life.
In 1859 the Freud family was compelled for economic reasons to move to Leipzig and then a year after to Vienna, where Freud remained until the Nazi annexation of Austria.
In 1873, Freud graduated from the Sperl Gymnasium and, apparently got inspired by a public reading of an essay by Goethe on nature, turned to medicine as a career.
At the University of Vienna, he worked with one of the leading physiologists, Ernst von Brücke, an exponent of the materialist, antivitalist science of Hermann von Helmholtz.
In 1882, he entered the General Hospital in Vienna as a clinical assistant to train with the psychiatrist Theodor Meynert and the professor of internal medicine Hermann Nothnagel.
In 1885, Freud was appointed lecturer in neuropathology, having concluded important research on the brain’s medulla. At this time, he also developed an interest in the pharmaceutical benefits of cocaine, which he pursued for several years. Although some beneficial results were found in eye surgery, which has been credited to Freud’s friend Carl Koller, the general outcome was disastrous.
In late 1885, Freud left Vienna to continue his studies of neuropathology at the Salpêtrière clinic in Paris, where he worked under the guidance of Jean-Martin Charcot.
His 19 weeks in the French capital proved a turning point in his career, for Charcot’s work with patients classified as “hysterics” introduced Freud to the possibility that psychological disorders might have their source in the mind rather than the brain.
Charcot’s demonstration of a link between hysterical symptoms, such as paralysis of a limb, and hypnotic suggestion implied the power of mental states rather than nerves in the etiology of the disease.
Returned to Vienna in February 1886 with the seed of his revolutionary psychological methods implanted.
He Married Martha Bernays, the daughter of a prominent Jewish family whose ancestors included a chief rabbi of Hamburg and Heinrich Heine. After getting married, Freud began his closest friendship, with the Berlin physician Wilhelm Fliess, whose role in the development of psychoanalysis has occasioned widespread debate.
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