New Delhi: An international team of researchers has found a significant decline in sperm counts over the years in India and many other countries globally. The sperm count is not only an indicator of human fertility but also that of men's health, while low levels are associated with an increased risk of chronic disease, testicular cancer and a decreased lifespan, the researchers said. The decline reflects a global crisis related to the modern environment and lifestyle, with broad implications for the survival of the human species, they said.
The study, published on November 15 in the journal Human Reproduction Update, used data from 53 countries. It includes an additional seven years of data collection (2011-2018) and focuses on sperm count trends among men in regions not reviewed previously, specifically South America, Asia and Africa. The data shows, for the first time, that men in those regions share the significant decline in Total Sperm Counts (TSC) and Sperm Concentration (SC) seen previously in North America, Europe and Australia. The study shows an accelerated decline in TSC and SC globally post the year 2000.
"India is part of this larger trend. In India, due to the availability of good data (including 23 estimates in our study, one of the countries with the richest data), we have more certainty that there is a strong and sustainable decline, but it's similar globally," according to Professor Hagai Levine of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem in Israel. "Overall, we're seeing a significant worldwide decline in sperm counts of over 50 per cent in the past 46 years, a decline that has accelerated in recent years," Levine said.
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Incidentally, as the Global Population reached the mark of eight billion on November 15, World Population Prospects 2022 stated that India will be one of the eight countries to which half of the global population will belong to till 2050 and surpass China as the world's most populated country in 2023. While the current study did not examine the causes of sperm count declines, Levine pointed to recent research indicating that disturbances in the development of the reproductive tract during fetal life are linked to lifetime impairment of fertility and other markers of reproductive dysfunction. "Additionally, lifestyle choices and chemicals in the environment are adversely affecting this fetal development," Levine explained.
"Our findings serve as a canary in a coal mine. We have a serious problem on our hands that, if not mitigated, could threaten mankind's survival. We urgently call for global action to promote healthier environments for all species and reduce exposures and behaviours that threaten our reproductive health," Levine said. The scientist noted that a separate study in India should be done, better by following the same population over time.
"However, there is no reason to think the trend in India is different," he added. Professor Shanna Swan at the Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, US, stressed that low sperm counts do not only affect men's fertility, but have serious ramifications for men's health more generally, and are linked with other adverse trends, termed together as testicular dysgenesis syndrome. "The troubling declines in men's sperm concentration and total sperm counts at over 1 per cent each year as reported in our paper are consistent with adverse trends in other men's health outcomes, such as testicular cancer, hormonal disruption, and genital birth defects," Swan added. (With agency inputs)
