According to a preliminary study, released by the 'American Academy of Neurology', women with migraine may have a higher risk of pregnancy complications like preterm delivery, gestational high blood pressure and preeclampsia. Researchers also found that women with migraine with aura may have a somewhat higher risk of preeclampsia than women with migraine without aura. Auras are sensations that come before the headache, often visual disturbances such as flashing lights. Preeclampsia involves high blood pressure with additional symptoms, such as protein in the urine, during pregnancy, which can threaten the life of the mother and baby.
"Roughly 20 percent of women of childbearing age experience migraine, but the impact of migraine on pregnancy outcomes has not been well understood," said study author Alexandra Purdue-Smithe, PhD, of Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston. "Our large prospective study found links between migraine and pregnancy complications that could help inform doctors and women with migraine of potential risks they should be aware of during pregnancy." For the study, researchers looked at more than 30,000 pregnancies in roughly 19,000 women over a 20-year period. Of those pregnancies, 11 percent of the women reported that they were diagnosed by a doctor with migraine before pregnancy. Researchers examined women's complications during pregnancy such as preterm delivery, defined as a baby born before 37 weeks gestation, gestational diabetes, gestational high blood pressure, preeclampsia, and low birth weight.
After adjusting for age, obesity, and other behavioural and health factors that could affect the risk of complications, researchers found that when compared to women without migraine, women with migraine had a 17 percent higher risk of preterm delivery, a 28 percent higher risk of gestational high blood pressure, and a 40 percent higher risk of preeclampsia. Of the 3,881 pregnancies among women with migraine, 10 percent were delivered preterm, compared to 8 percent of the pregnancies among women without migraine. For gestational high blood pressure, 7 percent of pregnancies among women with migraine developed this condition compared to 5 percent among pregnancies in women without migraine. For preeclampsia, 6 percent of pregnancies among women with migraine experienced it, compared to 3 percent of pregnancies among women who did not have migraine.