Responsible AI: A tool to reinforce social empowerment in India

India’s approach for responsible AI for social empowerment seeks to leverage AI for inclusive growth and empowerment of common citizens by addressing the concerns of exclusion and redundancy of employees by AI systems, writes Ravi Shankar Prasad, Union Minister for Electronics and Information Technology, Communications and Law and Justice.

Hyderabad: Success of Digital India has set a new global benchmark for leveraging digital technologies for inclusive growth, good governance and empowerment of common citizens. Benefits of digital technologies that were a luxury of affluent classes a few years ago have now become easily accessible or masses. Rapidly changing technology requires continuous evolution of systems, faster and adequate regulatory responses and building capacities to meet emerging challenges. The advent of Artificial Intelligence is not merely an incremental change but a major paradigm shift in the technology landscape, which must be viewed holistically and harnessed for the well-being of humanity.

Data is the basic building block for any Artificial Intelligence system. India with over 700 million Internet subscribers, 1.21 billion phone users and 1.26 billion Aadhaar users is generating a massive amount of data every day. India has the largest user base for some of the major Internet companies in the world. India also offers the most affordable Internet services in the world. Indian IT sector, which has already proven its mettle in the world, ensures the availability of competent human resources. These, along with the leadership of Prime Minister Narendra Modi, who always encourages the use of technology for improving the lives of citizens, leaves India poised for an Artificial Intelligence revolution.

In 2018, the National AI Strategy was published by the Government of India. Since then several initiatives have been undertaken to develop a strong AI ecosystem in the country by the Ministry of Electronics and IT. Center of Excellence in Data Analytics (CEDA) has been established to provide expert data analytics services to government departments. In collaboration with the IT industry Centers of Excellence have been set up in Bengaluru, Gandhinagar, Gurugram and Vizag where so far 113 startups have been incubated, 29 Intellectual Properties have been generated and 56 sectoral solutions have been developed. Future Skills Prime online capacity building platform has been launched to skill and re-skill the professionals in emerging technologies and in new job roles with an aim to benefit over four Lakh professionals. National Artificial Intelligence Portal has been launched as a one-stop digital platform for collaboration and knowledge sharing in AI. Very soon National Programme on Artificial Intelligence will be launched by the Ministry of Electronics and IT after seeking approval of the Union Cabinet.

Learning from public digital platforms like Aadhaar, UPI, GSTN and GeM, the Government has decided to encourage setting up of several public digital platforms in the field of health, agriculture, education, logistics, language translations etc. With the announcement of National Digital Health Mission by the Prime Minister on Independence Day 2020, the work on the public digital platform for health has begun. Ministry of Electronics and IT is developing an AI-based Natural Language Translation Mission in collaboration with academic institutions, research institutions, industry and startups, which will pave way for a voice-enabled Internet in Indian languages. In a similar manner, different Ministries of the Government of India in collaboration with the industry, academia and startups are in different stages of finalizing the sectoral public digital platforms. These platforms shall offer AI-based services in their sectors while addressing the data security and privacy concerns of the users. These platforms will create immense opportunities for Indian startups as well.

Developments in technology bring changes and raise concerns as well. When large scale computerization was undertaken, there were concerns about wide-scale unemployment. But eventually, computers and information technology became one of the biggest employment creators. In the same way, Artificial Intelligence will also replace certain existing job roles but it will also create several new job roles. The world needs to manage this transition effectively so that it does not aggravate disparities in societies. Through initiatives like Future Skills Prime, India has already started the work to re-skill its workforce for future job roles in the field of IT. India’s approach for responsible AI for social empowerment seeks to leverage AI for inclusive growth and empowerment of common citizens by addressing the concerns of exclusion and redundancy of employees by AI systems.

Artificial Intelligence must lead to greater social empowerment, especially of the poorer and marginalized sections of society. It should be developed in such a manner that it solves problems faced by people. India’s vision to extensively use AI in fields like healthcare, agriculture, education, logistics and languages is inspired by our commitment to leverage AI for social empowerment.

Data resources are going to play a vital role in the development of Artificial Intelligence. However, concerns regarding the misuse of data and breach of privacy of users must be addressed adequately by the AI systems. Government of India has already introduced a robust Personal Data Protection Bill in the Parliament, which seeks to protect the privacy of users in the digital age and at the same time facilitate the development of a strong data economy. It is pertinent to mention here that any attempt to create a monopoly in digital space by misusing the data of Indian citizens will receive a strong response from the Government of India. Action taken against certain mobile apps recently clearly indicates that the Government led by Prime Minister Narendra Modi is committed to protecting the data privacy of Indian citizens and data sovereignty of India.

Artificial Intelligence also generates several ethical and legal concerns that must be addressed. Algorithms that define the set of rules to operate AI systems must be free of any biases and prejudices. For example, face recognition systems must not show any racial or ethnic biases or news and social media systems must not be biased towards any particular political ideology. Conventional laws that are based on the basic premise of jurisdictions are being challenged by transnational technologies. Rogue elements sitting in any part of the world can disrupt the peace of any other society and we saw that in the recent CAA agitations and Delhi riots in India. The world needs to collectively address these concerns as well.

India is one of the founding members of the Global Partnership on Artificial Intelligence -- a multilateral collective to develop responsible AI. India is also working with several countries on a bilateral basis to develop AI ecosystems. India’s biggest AI summit RAISE 2020 seeks global collaboration for the development of Artificial Intelligence ecosystem that is responsible towards humanity and committed towards social empowerment.